Pantheon Essays - Domes, Pantheon, Rome, Pantheon, Free Essays

Pantheon Essays - Domes, Pantheon, Rome, Pantheon, Free Essays Pantheon Pantheon, temple dedicated to all the gods. The Pantheon of Rome is the best-preserved major edifice of ancient Rome and one of the most significant buildings in architectural history. In shape it is an immense cylinder concealing eight piers, topped with a dome and fronted by a rectangular colonnaded porch. The great vaulted dome is 43.2 m (142 ft) in diameter, and the entire structure is lighted through one aperture, called an oculus, in the center of the dome. The Pantheon was erected by the Roman emperor Hadrian between AD 118 and 128, replacing a smaller temple built by the statesman Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa in 27 BC. In the early 7th century it was consecrated as a church, Santa Maria ad Martyres, to which act it owes its survival (see Architecture). The term pantheon also refers to a building that serves as a mausoleum or memorial for eminent personages of a country. The most famous example is the Church of Sainte Genevi?ve in Paris, designed (1764) in the classical style by the French architect Jacques Germain Soufflot. It was later secularized, renamed the Pantheon, and used as a temple to honor the great of France. Built in Rome, AD c.118-28, in the reign of Emperor Hadrian, the Pantheon is the best preserved and most impressive of all Roman buildings. It has exerted an enormous influence on all subsequent Western architecture. The Pantheon asserts the primacy of space as contained volume over structure in the most dramatic fashion. From the time of the Pantheon onward, Roman architecture was to be one of spatial volumes. The Pantheon was designed and built by Hadrian to replace an earlier temple established by Agrippa (the misleading inscription in the entrance frieze refers to this earlier edifice). The existing structure is an immense round temple covered by a single dome, fronted by a transitional block and a traditional temple portico of eight Corinthian columns carrying a triangular pediment. Originally, the awkward juxtaposition of these three sections was softened by a rectangular forum in front of the temple. The temple is deceptively simple in appearance, consisting of a circular drum carrying a hemispherical dome with an inside diameter of 43.2 m (142 ft). The proportions are such that, if extended to the floor, the curve of the inner surface of the dome would just "kiss" the floor; thus, a perfect sphere is contained, a symbolic reference to the temple's dedication to all the godspan ("all") plus theos ("god")in the sphere of the heavens. The drum and dome are of solid monolithic concrete, reinforced with bands of vitrified tile. The vertical gravity loads are collected and distributed to the drum by relieving arches incorporated in the concrete. The wall of the drum, 6.1 m (20 ft) thick, is hollowed out by a series of alternately rectangular and curved niches or recesses. Thus, the drum is transformed into a series of massive radial buttresses, lessening its deadweight without decreasing its strength. The weight of the upper sections, and thus the magnitude of the thrusts, was reduced by varying the density of the filler in the concrete, from pumice in the upper dome to tufa in the middle sections and dense basalt in the foundations. The visually compressive effect of the dome on the inside is lessened by deep coffers (indentations) radiating down from the central oculus ("eye")9.1 m (30 ft) in diameterthe only window in the building. Because the oculus is open to the sky, the floor is slightly concave with a drain at the center. The building was converted into a church dedicated to Mary (Santa Maria Rotunda) in 609, and therefore it escaped destruction. It is the only Roman building to retain its marble revetments, mosaics, and stuccowork. The huge bronze doors (7 m/24 ft high) are the largest Roman doors to survive in place and remain in use. Leland M. Roth Bibliography: Boethius, Axel, and Ward-Perkins, J. B., Etruscan and Roman Architecture (1970); MacDonald, William L., The Pantheon (1976); Ward-Perkins, J.B., Roman Imperial Architecture (1981).

Nursing - Interprofessional Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Nursing - Interprofessional Education - Essay Example Further, nurses must broaden their skills and scope of practice while collaborating with a team of different health professionals. The ultimate solution lies in promote academic progression within nursing that recognizes the complex and evolving nature of nursing practice. Efforts aimed at promoting the team-based education for health professionals are not new or unique. The development in this area of education has been driven by concerns that the existing healthcare workforce must meet patient and community health in a cost-effective manner and that educational institutions must take more responsibility to produce a skilled workforce (Interpersonal Education Collaborative Expert Panel, 2011). Interprofessional education (IPE) has been described in a variety of ways. The World Health Organization (2010) defined IPE as occurring when professionals from different professional backgrounds learn about each other and from each other to enable collaborative improvement in health outcomes. Lowe et al (2012) described IPE as the interrelationship occurring between professionals and learners, able to learn from each other via effective collaboration to improve health outcomes. The purpose of IPE is therefore to facilitate the preparation of health workforce with regard to their ability to respond to local health needs (Lowe et al, 2012). The World Health Organization (2010) identifies interprofessional collaboration as an important strategy for mitigating global health challenges, especially regarding improvement of health outcomes and developing strong health system. Arguably, most of the health care in the U.S. is delivered via multidisciplinary approach (Pecukonis et al., 2008; Isaacs and Benjamin, 1991). This approach involves multidisciplinary work that runs parallel to client systems. More importantly, the communication work in this approach is embedded within a leadership hierarchy (Pecukonis et al., 2008). Within this system of health care, team members are res ponsible for activities related to their discipline, and there is little sense of shared responsibilities for team development or even patient outcomes. The notion of interprofessional education and its impact on the provision of services is not novel or unique. Pecukonis et al (2008) notes that interprofessional teams and collaborative groups were used as early as the mid 20th century at the level of community health care especially to underserved populations. From a historical perspective, inter-professional education was originally illustrated in the 1972 Conference Steering Committee recommendations (Interpersonal Education Collaborative Expert Panel, 2011; Davidson, 2005). The Conference made multilevel recommendations including organizational, administrative, instructional, and interpersonal. At the instructional and organizational level, the committee recommended obligations of academic institutions with regard to conducting interdisciplinary education and patient care aimed at developing methods to link education with requirements essential for practice. Other recommendations included use of ambulatory settings as sites for inter-professional education, an effort aimed at integrating classroom instruction to develop faculty skills. At the national level, the recommendations emphasized on the need to developing national framework for sharing practice models and instructional capacities, supporting government agency for innovative instructional and

Choosing a New Director of Research Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Choosing a New Director of Research - Case Study Example Although the three candidates seem to be worthy candidates, Alexa and Kelsey tend to be more focused on elements of comfort and creativity than results (Northouse, 2010). In this regard, Thomas had previously shown similar traits through his accomplishments at GLF, which earned him the respect of his fellow colleagues. It is apparent that a good leader should be free with other workers in order to establish a good working relationship. Thomas is free with the other colleagues and shares ideas with them because of his vast experience in the company. Sandra Coke should go for someone who is skilled and understands the market dynamics in order to capitalize on the new trends in the industry (Collins, 2014). Thomas deserved the promotion because of his previous experiences and honesty when dealing with other workers (Northouse, 2010). This shall enable to influence changes without resistance from the workers who also understand his abilities to produce good results. The trait approach is useful in the type of recruitment because it makes it easy to recognize the leadership abilities of different individuals. Workers possess varied traits from each other that enable the management to identify the strengths of each party. The trait approach is also suitable since it aids in narrowing down the qualities of candidates on the managerial list. Organizations need to monitor the performance of their workers before promoting them to managerial positions (Northouse, 2010). This makes it appropriate for the management to enhance a smooth transition in the policymaking and distribution of tasks. Considering this, the trait approach is unique and helpful to choose candidates that show good qualities and experience in their duties. Choosing of workers based on traits is suitable than using the academic criteria that only focus on the skills acquired (Weth, 2007).  

International Vintage International Essay Example for Free

International Vintage International Essay One of Morrisons stunning gifts is her skill in creating ethically unclear conditions for her audiences. In Sula, for one, the reader would be torn in analyzing the depth of character of Sula. Is Sula really the devil others profess her to be, a threat for the otherwise peaceful society? Or could it be that how a person views things as something bad or not depends on ones personal perspective? Sula lives her life without paying any heed to the norms which made the people of Bottom see her as a deviant person. By living her life an uncommon standard the people in their society decided to alienate or estrange her. Even though the society categorize Sula as nothing short of evil, believing that their lives would be a whole lot much better should Sula left, in reality, having Sula there to serve as the sole center of their bad lucks made them live happier lives than it would have been had Sula not lived in the area, thus making her some kind of a scapegoat in the process. In more way than the people in Bottom could imagine, Sulas presence brought more positive consequences than negative ones as they always like to claim. The communitys rationale for labeling Sula as evil is ridiculous. Their attitude only shows that their criticisms of Sula arose more from their need for a scapegoat or for someone to fall the blames into, and Sula happened to be that person. One instance of their preposterous claim could be found on the following quotation found in the book Sula did not look her age. (Morrison 115). Provided that it is true, that Sula did not age as much as the women living at Bottom did, I believe that is not proof enough to treat Sula as the devil incarnate. The people of bottom ignore the fact that most women living in their village only sleeps around (this include Sulas own mom, one of the most well-loved person living in town), and they make this as another of their basis for snubbing Sula. The womenfolk of Bottom detests Sula so much because Sula would lay their husbands once and then no more (Morrison 115), which the women took as some kind of an affront to their very being since they feel like Sula acts all mighty, snatching away their most valuable possession and then throwing it away as though it is nothing of importance. On the other hand, the men folk of the community spread gossips about Sula having had sexual intercourse with white men, which their community views as the lowest thing a woman of her own race could do. Although it is a fact that Sula sleeps with different men as though it is the most natural thing to do, this is more an indication of the way she was reared than of her own malice. If one stop to mull over the fact that Sula had no intimate knowledge of marriage, having lived in a house with women who thought all men available, and selected from among them with a care only for their tastes, (Morrison) and that townsfolk of Bottom have knowledge of Sulas own background and family, it is not really reasonable or just for the townsfolk to alienate Sula on the line of reasoning that she sleeps around with different guys, depending on who she wants to spend the night with. Should truth be told, the people of Bottom does not really care about treating Sula fairly, in that whether they are aware of it or not, they have been yearning for a lone object on which they could hold accountable for everything which would goes wrong, and Sula happened to be that one person they could hold accountable for everything wrong in this world because of her own deviant attitude and outlook in life. Sula, not caring about the way other people sees her and without paying any heed about how the people at Bottom uses hert as a scapegoat, provided positive consequences in the community, contrary to what the people living there loves to claim. In a way, Sulas presence brought considerable progress on the way people lives. Sulas presence brought fear and apprehension among the townsfolk and since they label Sula as the source of their troubles they saw the need to guard and love each other. Thus, contrary to their claim that Sulas presence brought them nothing but misery, in reality Sulas presence prompted them to be good and to love each other better. An example of this could be found among the womenfolk of Bottom, Sulas presence made them realize the value of their husbands making them love and cherish their husbands better than before Sulas return. Men living in Bottom are not really innocent when it comes to bedding other women and Sula is not the only woman they have bedded aside from their wives, yet among the women they have had Sula is the only one which prompted the women of bottom to have better attitude with their husbands. The women of bottom is also to blame for their husbands attitude because should truth be told, a man cherished by their wives is less likely to find another comfort from other women and Sulas arrival in town is like s trigger which prompts their women to realize this thing. Aula also made the townspeople better parents to their children as is the case with Teapots mom. Teapots mother, a drunkard, had not been paying much attention to her son which resulted to her son being hurt and although the doctor stated that the harm was caused by malnutrition, Teapots mother still saw fit to throw the blame to Sula, claiming that the latter hurt her son. After than incident, Teapots mom suddenly became a better mother, treating him with utmost concern and love proving once more that the menace of sulas presence is the absolute driving force for the community to change for the better. The people treated Sulas death as good news, though in reality, it really is a blow and the mass death tackled in the story symbolizes the great loss Sula really was for the Bottom. In fact, Sulas death caused the townsfolk to revert back to their old behavior, once more leaving the elderly to foster homes, the wives neglecting their husbands, Teapots mother abusing him again, and so on. This proves that Sulas absence made the townsfolk feel so hopeless bleak, and miserable. Sula is a motivation which prompted them to act better and like any good motivation, her loss, caused people to revert back to their old behavior. As strange as it may sound, the townsfolk actually needs Sula. Even Nel realized later that she made use of Sula as her own scapegoat, believing that the sorrow she felt was really from missing her husband Jude who had an affair with Sula, realizing too late that what she really missed is Sula, her friend, and not her husband. Being deviant could really make people alienate a person, as was the case with Sula. However, in Sulas case, the estrangement of Sula from the community saved the townsfolk from their own bad behaviors or conducts. Sula, actually caused the people at Bottom to live better lives, making them seek out each other to save themselves from the presence of evil (Sula) in the community. Sulas presence produced good results at the peoples lives at Bottom, in the same way that her death resulted to a loss of hope for the community. Works Cited Morrison, Toni. Acceptance Speech. Nobel Lecture. 7 Dec 1993 Morrison, Toni. Sula. New York: Vintage International Vintage International, 2004. Last Name of Student 5

Macbeth: A Tale Of Two Theories :: essays research papers fc

Macbeth: A Tale of Two Theories Macbeth(c.1607), written by William Shakespeare, is the tragic tale of Macbeth, a virtuous man, corrupted by power and greed. This tagedy could in fact be called "A Tale of Two Theories". One theory suggests that the tragic hero, Macbeth, is led down an unescapable road of doom by an outside force, namely fate in the form of the three witches. The second suggests that there is no supernatural force working against Macbeth, which therefore makes him responsible for his own actions and inevitable downfall. It must be remembered that Macbethis a literary work of art, and as a peice of art is open to many different interpretations, none of them right and none of them wrong. But the text of the play seems to imply that Macbeth is indeed responsible for his own actions which are provoked by an unwillingness to listen to his own conscience, the witches, and his ambition. First, Macbeth ignores the voice of his own psyche. He knows what he is doing is wrong even before he murders Duncan, but he allows Lady Macbeth and greed to cloud his judgement. In referring to the idea of the murder of Duncan, Macbeth first states,"We will proceed no further in this business"(I.vii.32). Yet, after speaking with Lady Macbeth he recants and proclaims,"I am settled, and bend up/Each corporal agent to this terrible feat"(I.vii.79-80). There is nothing supernatural to be found in a man being swayed by the woman he loves, as a matter of fact this action could be perceived as quite the opposite. Second, the witches have to be dispelled as a source of Macbeth's misfortune before the latter theory can be considered. It is admittedly strange that the weird sisters first address Macbeth with,"All hail, Macbeth! hail to thee Thane of Cawdor!"(I.iii.49), a title which not even Macbeth is aware he has been awarded. Even stranger is the third witch calling to Macbeth,"All hail, Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter!"(I.iii.50). However as stated by Bradley,"No connection of these announcements with any actions of his was even hinted by [the withches]"(232). Some are still not convinced though of the witches less than supernatural role; nevertheless, Macbeth appears throughout the play to be completely aware of his actions, as opposed to being contolled by some mystic force. The effect of the witches on the action of the play is best summarized by these words: ...while the influences of the Witches' prophecies on Macbeth is very great, it is quite clearly shown to be an influnce and nothing more.(Bradley 232) Most important to the theory that Macbeth is reponsible for his own actions

Orientation Training Essay

Blanchard & Thacker (2010) describe how orientation can be described as the type of activities that an individuals or organization may seem most interested in and can give most attention. Orientation training can be described as training designed for newly hired employees to allow them to understanding the organizations operations. Also, orientation training give new employee’s opportunities to learn polices and procedures for making decision and activities of various units are coordinated. Orientation training can being with the socialization process with new employees and help the employee learn information about the organization and the values of the organization (Blanchard & Thacker, 2010). Orientations can be short or have longer approach dew to the kind of organizations the employees will be working for. The value of orientation training can with the how the learning theory prospective can be based on previous learning. New information can be interpret and understand in the context that is already know. Blanchard & Thacker (2010) show how successful organization can recognize the need for providing new employees with orientation training. They also view how new employees can use the organization and the first entry into the organization and whit will coming next tin the upcoming days in the organizations. The first view of the organization can be a lasting one and can important for organization to have good imaged an impression to chance the effectiveness the organization and new employees (Blanchard & Thacker, 2010). Another value of orientation training can be how employees who attend orientation training can be flexible to accepting the organizations goals and values. Orientations training can be effective with the use of the guidance that is provided to employees regarding manage ment expectations. Also orientations can be effective in reducing anxiety, reducing role ambiguity. In addition reducing turnover, improving job performance, providing high levels of commitment and can show the effective and efficient of the organizations (Blanchard & Thacker, 2010). In conclusion, orientation training is designed for new employees to allow them to understanding the organizations operations. Orientation training gives new employee’s opportunities to learn polices and procedures for making decision in the new organizations. Orientations training can be effective with the use of the guidance that it helps to provide to new employees regarding management expectations. References: Blanchard, N. P., & Thacker, J. (2010). Effective Training, System, Strategies and Practices (Custom 4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

12 White House Facts You May Not Know